Organisations Involved in PIAAC

PIAAC is initiated by the OECD based in Paris, France.

PIAAC is managed by an international consortium of experts and organisations in different fields including education, assessment and questionnaire design, sampling design, research analyses, skills, survey operations, IT management, linguistics, etc. The PIAAC Consortium laid out specific standards and guidelines to the whole process of conducting this study to ensure the survey design and implementation processes of PIAAC yield high-quality and internationally comparable data.

In Singapore, PIAAC is implemented by the Institute for Adult Learning, with support from the Ministry of Education (MOE), Ministry of Manpower (MOM) and the Singapore Workforce Development Agency (WDA).

Assessments

Components of PIAAC

PIAAC is administered under the supervision of trained interviewers either in the respondent's home or in a location agreed between the respondent and the interviewer. After the sampled person is identified, the survey is administered in two stages:

• Background Questionnaire
  The background questionnaire is administered in a Computer-Aided Personal Interview format by the interviewer. The questionnaire collects information on the basic demographic characteristics of respondents; educational attainment and training participation; labour force status and employment; social outcomes; the use of literacy, numeracy and ICT skills at work and in everyday life; and the use of a range of other skills at work.
• Direct Assessments
  The respondents will be asked to complete these direct assessments with a computer or with a paper and pencil. The assessment is not timed and typically takes about 50 minutes to complete.

Both components can take about 60-90 minutes to complete.

Skills Measured in PIAAC

The direct assessment component of the survey evaluates the skills of adults in three fundamental domains:

• Literacy
  This refers to the ability to understand, evaluate, use and engage with written texts to participate in society, to achieve one’s goals, and to develop one’s knowledge and potential.
• Numeracy
  This refers to the ability to access, use, interpret and communicate mathematical information and ideas, in order to engage in and manage the mathematical demands of a range of situations in adult life.
• Problem solving in technology-rich environments
  This refers to the ability to use digital technology, communication tools and networks to acquire and evaluate information, communicate with others and perform practical tasks. It focuses on the abilities to solve problems for personal, work and civic purposes by setting up appropriate goals and plans, and accessing and making use of information through computers and computer networks.

These domains constitute "key information processing skills" for adults with the following consideration:

• Necessary for fully integrating and participating in the labour market, education and training, and social and civic life
• Highly transferable, in that they are relevant to many social contexts and work situations, as opposed to competencies that are of relevance in specific occupations, industries or types of activity
• Learnable and therefore subject to the influence of policy

They provide a foundation for the development of other, high-order cognitive skills and are prerequisites for gaining access to and understanding of specific domains of knowledge.

Proficiency Scores and Proficiency Levels

Proficiency in these domains is considered as a continuum of ability involving the mastery of information-processing tasks of increasing complexity. The results are represented on a 500-point scale divided into levels. Each proficiency level summarises what a person with a particular score can do. Six proficiency levels are defined for literacy and numeracy and four for problem solving in technology-rich environments.

Public Data

The International Data Explorer (IDE) is an online tool that allows users to create statistical tables and charts to explore adults' performance in PIAAC by country, demographic characteristics, social and linguistic background, education, use of skills and employment status. Click here to access IDE.

PIAAC public-use data can also be found in an international database, which contains all information collected through the international PIAAC instruments. Public Use Files (PUF) containing individual unit record data in SAS, SPSS and Excel format are available for downloading.

To download the Public Use files and for more information about OECD Public Data and Analysis, please visit here.

Click here (Excel, 0.4MB) to download the International Codebook.

Click here (Word, 93KB) to download the Derived Variables Codebook.